http://www.gmunier.blogspot.com/
Bulletin des Amitiés franco-irakiennes
(AFI- Flash n°74 - 9/7/07)
« MISSION ACCOMPLIE :
NOUS AVONS LE PÉTROLE ! »
par Xavière Jardez
Voilà ce que pourront se dire bientôt Bush, Dick Cheney et consorts lorsque le Parlement irakien aura débattu de la nouvelle loi sur le pétrole, dictée par les Etats –Unis, rédigée en anglais, en toute discrétion, approuvée dernièrement par la seule faction chiite du gouvernement de Nouri al Maliki,- les autres composantes ayant tout simplement boycotté la séance, comme le Front Irakien de la Concorde - qui conduit à la « privatisation » du pétrole irakien, ou tout bonnement au pillage des richesses de ce pays par les compagnies pétrolières US par l’intermédiaire des PAS (accords de partage de production).
C’est d’ailleurs dans cette perspective qu’il faut comprendre l’envoi de troupes supplémentaires en Irak exigé par Bush - et l’installation de bases US permanentes- car il se soucie peu de liberté ou de démocratie en Irak ou encore des morts américains – plus de 3500 - ou irakiens : 700 000. Ce qu’il recherche, c’est un gouvernement « stable » capable de « pacifier le pays » pour permettre aux Majors (Exxon, Chevron, Fluor, Halliburton…) de mettre la main sur les champs pétrolifères non encore exploités. Si demain « Al Qaeda en Irak » promettait de leur ouvrir les portes du pays, de « terroristes », ils se transformeraient en « modérés » comme Maliki et son parti al Dawa le furent, il y a peu (1).
Le pétrole, le grand muet
Dans la course à l’invasion de l’Irak en 2002-2003, le pétrole comme cause n’était pas évoqué, ni par les auteurs, ni par les médias, sauf par les opposants lucides à la guerre à venir. Or, Dick Cheney, directeur exécutif d’Halliburton en 1999, constatait qu’« en 2010, nous aurons besoin de 50 millions de barils de plus par jour. Le Moyen-Orient, avec 2/3 du pétrole et le coût le plus bas, c’est là que se trouve le butin ». Paul Wolfowitz, quant à lui, décrivait l’Irak comme un pays flottant « sur une mer de pétrole » qui pourrait financer la guerre américaine et la reconstruction. On sait d’autre part que les premières troupes US à Bagdad eurent pour objectif de protéger le ministère du Pétrole et non le Musée National. Tout comme, dans la même veine, Bremer, le « MacArthur de Bagdad » maintint la loi du précédent régime interdisant la grève aux ouvriers du pétrole !
Mais, il serait erroné de dater de l’ère Bush seule cette faim de pétrole. Déjà en 1980, Jimmy Carter déclarait que le pétrole du Golfe Persique était vital pour les intérêts US. Il mit ainsi sur pied une nouvelle structure de commandement militaire (Rapid Deployment Joint Task Force) qui deviendra le Centcom, (United States Central Command) capable de fournir aux présidents US successifs la capacité d’intervenir rapidement et massivement dans la région.
En 2001, l’Energy Task Force que dirigeait Dick Cheney s’abstint de favoriser les sources alternatives d’énergie lui préférant, pour faire face à une crise énergétique, le Moyen-Orient comme « première cible de la politique énergétique des Etats-Unis », demandant au gouvernement Bush de convaincre les pays du Moyen-Orient d’ « ouvrir certains secteurs de leur production énergétique à des investissements étrangers » , en d’autres termes de renverser 25 ans de contrôle étatique sur l’industrie pétrolière. Cette organisation entreprit d’étudier les cartes des champs pétrolifères de l’Irak avec des compagnies pétrolières non-américaines chargées de les exploiter une fois l’embargo levé. « Elle travailla conjointement avec l’aile de la sécurité nationale du gouvernement pour établir un ensemble compatible de politiques militaire et économique qui injecterait, à cette équation, une force américaine. Selon Jane Mayer, du New Yorker, le Conseil National pour la Sécurité incitait son personnel à « coopérer pleinement avec la Energy Task Force… pour la « fusion » des ces deux courants apparemment éloignés : « réviser les politiques opérationnelles envers les « Etats voyous » comme l’Irak et « les actions concernant la capture des champs de pétrole et de gaz existants ou nouveaux » (2)
Genèse du Projet pour le Futur de l’Irak
Cette Task Force donna naissance, dès 2002, au Projet pour le Futur de l’Irak à l’initiative du Département d’Etat et des 17 groupes de travail à Washington et Londres composés d’exilés irakiens et d’experts internationaux choisis par les Etats-Unis dont Vogler d’Exxon, le directeur exécutif de Shell et Fluor, Philipp Carroll, qui devint, après la guerre, chef du « comité consultatif » pour l’industrie pétrole en Irak (4). L’autre protagoniste dans la préparation de cette législation spoliatrice se nomme BearingPoint (anciennement KPMG) chargée de vérifier en Irak tous les textes et institutions encadrant le commerce, les investissements, de conseiller les ministères et la banque centrale. Quand on sait que BearingPoint a obtenu grâce à l’USAID (Agence US pour le Développement International) - elle aussi partie prenante au Projet -, des contrats en Irak d’une valeur de 240 millions de dollars, on comprend mieux que cette société ait pu arroser les campagnes de Bush pour les élections de 2000 et 2004 à hauteur de 117 000 dollars et 120 000 dollars pour les dernières élections au Congrès et payer un million de dollars aux lobbyistes de Capitol Hill en 2005.
Mais, le peu d’empressement manifesté par les grandes compagnies pétrolières pour investir en Irak poussa l’administration Bush à faire intervenir la communauté internationale via le Fonds Monétaire International pour faire pression sur l’Irak pour l’adoption de cette loi qui livrait les revenus du pétrole aux géants US. Le but était de requalifier l’énorme dette que le régime de Saddam Hussein avait accumulée pour les guerres Iran-Irak et celle de 1991 en dette « odieuse », terme technique de droit international désignant la dette contractée par certains dirigeants autoritaires à des fins personnelles. C’est ce que prétendirent les Etats-Unis pour les 40 milliards de $ de dette auprès de 19 pays industrialisés connus sous le nom de «Club de Paris ». Au lieu d’annuler purement et simplement la dette, James Baker négocia avec le Club de Paris une annulation conditionnelle : 12 milliards de $ disparurent des livres, laissant 28 milliards de $ dont l’abrogation était conditionnée à la signature par le gouvernement irakien d’un « Programme de base du Fonds Monétaire International » pour 12 milliards de $ et à la réalisation de ce programme dans une période de trois ans pour 8 milliard de $, laissant toujours à la charge du Club 8 milliards de $.
Le Programme du Fonds Monétaire International formulait sa politique pétrolière selon les concepts US concernant le pétrole irakien, de la mise en place des PAS à l’ouverture totale de l’économie irakienne aux multinationales. En contrepartie, la mesure garantissant aux familles irakiennes des prix subventionnés pour le combustible et certains produits de base, dans un pays où la guerre a entraîné un chômage variant de 30 à 70%, des salaires d’à peine 100 $ par mois et une inflation galopante, devait être abandonnée. Zaid al Ali, avocat international, décrit cet accord comme « l’illustration parfaite de la manière dont le monde industrialisé instrumentalise la dette pour obliger les pays en voie de développement à abdiquer leur souveraineté sur leur économie » qui, pour l’Irak, perdurerait bien au-delà du retrait des troupes US. (2)
Même l’Iraqi Study Group de James Baker, fin 2006, a proposé à Bush entre autres solutions pour sortir du bourbier irakien, de faire voter au « Parlement » irakien une loi sur les hydrocarbones qui placerait les réserves en pétrole, et les revenus en découlant, entre les mains des principales compagnies pétrolières.
Si elle est moins bien connue, la stratégie pétrolière du gouvernement de Blair s’est caractérisée par la même obsession : s’approprier le pétrole de la région du Golfe comme rappelé dans la Strategic Defence Review : « Hors de l’Europe, nos intérêts seront vraisemblablement affectés par les événements dans la région du Golfe et de la Méditerranée.… L’approvisionnement en pétrole du Golfe est crucial pour l’économie mondiale ». La convergence des buts entre la Grande-Bretagne et les Etats-Unis donna naissance au US-UK Energy Dialogue en 2002 pour « encourager la coordination et la coopération en matière énergétique » et donc s’assurer le contrôle de l’approvisionnement en y impliquant directement leurs compagnies pétrolières. En mai 2003, peu après le triomphal « la guerre est finie» de Bush, la Grande-Bretagne a parrainé avec les Etats-Unis une résolution du conseil de sécurité n° 1483 qui leur donnait total contrôle sur le pétrole irakien, prétendument pour continuer de payer les compensations dues au Koweit.
Le butin convoité
Avec 60% des réserves pétrolières du monde, le Moyen Orient ne peut être qu’un enjeu de taille pour les Américains ou tous ceux qui cherchent à dominer le monde ou à l’influencer de manière irrémédiable. L’Irak, à lui seul, se place au troisième rang pour l’étendue de ses réserves connues après l’Arabie Saoudite et l’Iran, à savoir 115 milliards de barils, soit 10% du total mondial. Les deux tiers de ces réserves sont concentrés dans le sud, notamment autour de Basra, et le tiers restant dans le Kurdistan, au nord de l’Irak. En termes de production énergétique, 10% seulement sont exploités car l’objectif sous le régime de Saddam Hussein était une production de 3,5 millions de barils par jour.
L’Irak dispose aussi d’un potentiel pétrolier non exploré le plus vaste, d’un volume de 100 à 200 milliards de barils principalement dans le désert occidental. Pour certains experts, ce chiffre pourrait même dépasser les 400 milliards de barils. Si tel était le cas, le pactole pétrolier irakien serait le premier au monde. Le pétrole irakien a, de plus, de hautes propriétés chimiques car il est de bonne qualité et facile d’accès ce qui en réduit les coûts d’exploitation.
Avec un prix de baril de pétrole brut à 64 $ ou plus, un coût de production à 1,50$ ou même 1$ par baril, semblable aux coûts de production en Arabie Saoudite, les profits éventuels seront gargantuesques. La question est de savoir qui va les empocher ? L’Irak ou les géants du pétrole ?
Analyse de la loi sur le pétrole
A la surprise générale, la privatisation de l’économie irakienne par Bremer en 2003 et 2004 n’incluait pas le secteur pétrolier dont l’avenir devait dépendre de l’élection d’un gouvernement. Le CPA (Autorité Provisoire de Coalition) n’accorda que des contrats de maintenance ou de réparation pour remettre sur pied l’infrastructure pétrolière dont profitèrent abondamment les compagnies US Halliburton – 27 milliards de $ de contrats exclusifs - et Parsons sans qu’elles y mettent le cœur préférant plutôt attendre la suite des événements, à savoir la « privatisation du pétrole ». L’analyse de la loi montre qu’il ne s’agit pas d’une privatisation au sens strict du mot, à savoir le transfert juridique de la propriété des réserves pétrolières de l’Irak à des organisations privées, mais plutôt la « privatisation des revenus ». Les réserves demeurent légalement selon la nouvelle Constitution la propriété de l’Etat irakien jusqu’à l’extraction du pétrole. La question est de savoir ici, qui reçoit les revenus du pétrole et qui contrôle ce qu’il devient.
Rappelons qu’en 1925, le roi Faysal installé par les Britanniques avait accordé à l’IPC (Iraq Petroleum Company), consortium composé de compagnies pétrolières britanniques, françaises et plus tard, américaines, une concession sur le modèle des colonies britanniques pour 75 ans sans possibilité d’amendement des termes. Privé des revenus dont il avait légalement le droit -20% jamais accordés- l’Irak lança une campagne de nationalisation à l’instar des autres pays producteurs, en deux temps 1961 et 1972.
Une nouvelle mouture de rapine
Cependant, au cours des années 1960, une nouvelle forme de contrat fut conçue et appliquée, notamment en Indonésie : les PSA, accords de partage de production. A l’inverse de la concession où les compagnies possèdent des droits sur le pétrole dans le sol, et paient des compensations sous forme de royalties et taxes à l’Etat concessionnaire, le PSA conserve à l’Etat la propriété du pétrole tandis que les compagnies obtiennent des compensations pour leurs investissements dans l’infrastructure pétrolière et les risques qu’elles encourent. Les PSA ont donc un avantage politique clair selon Thomas Wade, expert en droit pétrolier à l’Université de Dundee : « … le gouvernement apparaît comme le maître du jeu – et la compagnie peut tirer les ficelles, camouflée derrière le titre légal qui symbolise l’affirmation de la souveraineté nationale ». Ces mécanismes juridiques sont couramment en vigueur dans des pays (12%) où les réserves pétrolières sont faibles ou les coûts d’extraction élevés (offshore, Amazone) ou les risques techniques ou d’exploration, importants. Ce qui n’est nullement le cas de l’Irak comme on l’a vu plus haut.
Les PSA tels propulsés dans la loi - sous la pression conjointe US et UK- représentent le viol et le pillage institutionnalisés des richesses de l’Irak puisqu’ils prévoient que les compagnies auront droit à 70% des profits jusqu’à l’amortissement de leurs dépenses de développement (rappelons-le faibles en Irak) et 20% par la suite et ce, pour une durée de 30 à 75 ans. Or, les PSA de plus de 30 ans sont inhabituels sauf en Amazone. Ils signifient de plus, pour le peuple irakien, la perte du contrôle de son industrie pétrolière au profit des grandes compagnies. Selon des projections effectuées par globalpolicy.org : « si on prend pour prix du baril de pétrole 40$, le recours aux PSA pour l’Irak entraînerait une perte de 74 milliards à 194 milliards $, si on le compare à une exploitation publique. Cette perte énorme est l’équivalent de 2800 $ à 7400$ par adulte irakien sur une période de 30 ans, durée du PSA, comparée au PNB actuel de 2100$ par tête ». Avec un prix à 50$ par baril, les pertes pour l’Irak seraient de 94 à 250 milliards de dollars.
En revanche, les taux de profits des compagnie pétrolières sont renversants : selon la taille des champs qui leur seront alloués, ils pourront s’élever de 42% à 62% pour un petit champ (le plus petit en Irak ayant un million de barils), de 98% à 162% pour un grand. Ce que l’Irak perdra sera empoché par les Majors pétroliers (Exxon, BP, Chevron, Shell, ConocoPhilipps).
Quatre autres caractéristiques des PSA priveront les Irakiens de toute souveraineté et contrôle démocratique sur leurs richesses :
- les conditions des PSA sont inchangées pour une durée de 25 à 40ans : une fois signé, le contrat ne peut être modifié et les termes dépendront de la position de force ou de faiblesse de l’Irak à la signature. Or, vu la situation politique en Irak, les compagnies joueront très certainement l’aspect sécuritaire et politique pour obtenir les gains les plus hauts.
- ils privent les gouvernements de tout contrôle sur le développement de leur industrie pétrolière : l’Irak ne sera donc pas en mesure d’évaluer le taux de production des compagnies et donc le taux de raréfaction de ses réserves. L’Irak aura ainsi des difficultés à satisfaire ses obligations de quotas vis à vis de l’OPEP, mettant ainsi l’efficacité de cette dernière en danger, à moins de réduire la production des champs laissés à la Compagnie Pétrolière Irakienne !
- 60% à 80% du secteur pétrolier couvert par les PSA sont couverts par les « clauses de stabilisation » à l’abri, ainsi, de toute nouvelle législation irakienne, que ce soit en matière de taxes, de droit du travail, d’environnement ou autres. N’oublions pas que les gains des compagnies sont garantis puisqu’ils peuvent être entièrement rapatriés dans leur pays d’origine!
- tout différend entre l’Irak et les compagnies sera tranché non pas une Cour nationale mais par l’arbitrage, méthode qui ne soucie guère de l’intérêt public des Irakiens.
Les PSA – qui ne sont pas des documents publics !- étant des textes excessivement complexes techniquement, ce qui avantage les compagnies pétrolières, il faudrait aussi se pencher sur la « Commission Fédérale pour le gaz et le pétrole », notamment sa composition partagée entre gouvernements central et régionaux, franchissant un pas de plus vers l’affaiblissement du gouvernement central ,-voire la division de l’Irak- le partage des ressources entre les Irakiens, le rôle des régions, notamment kurde et les privilèges qui lui sont accordés, la Compagnie Pétrolière Irakienne reléguée à ne gérer que certains puits en production, etc... Mais, il est plus intéressant de se tourner vers la résistance qui commence à s’organiser contre cette loi, élaborée loin des regards indiscrets, même de ceux des parlementaires irakiens, que les journalistes irakiens ont traité comme information de routine.
La résistance
76% des Irakiens estiment que la raison principale de l’invasion de leur pays par les troupes US était la volonté de Bush et de ses alliés britannique et australien de « prendre le contrôle du pétrole ». Le Parlement est la première ligne de défense puisque le texte aurait dû être adopté depuis mars, impératif posé par les Républicains et les Démocrates pour juger de la viabilité du gouvernement al-Maliki. Le ministère du Pétrole, réduit dans la loi à la portion congrue, s’insurge et comme le note un analyste pétrolier, Rafiq Latta, « Toute la culture du ministère s’oppose à (cette loi) ….Ces gens ont géré l’industrie pendant toutes ces années de sanctions. C’était un travail impressionnant et ils étaient fiers de « leur pétrole ».
Mais l’opposition la plus formidable vient de la Fédération des Syndicats du Pétrole forte de 26 000 membres et de ses alliés dans les autres unions. Ils ont fait capoter des contrats instituant un contrôle de multinationales sur certaines installations. Ils ont lancé une vigoureuse campagne dès juin 2005 contre le projet de privatisation US. En janvier 2006, ils ont convoqué une convention réunissant tous les principaux syndicats irakiens à Amman et publié un manifeste où ils dénonçaient l’ensemble du programme néo-libéral US pour l’Irak. En décembre 2006, ils ont affirmé s’opposer à la loi même si elle était adoptée.
La Résistance armée est elle aussi contre cette loi et le Vice Président Adel Abdul Mahdi, partisan de la loi, fut victime d’un attentat, le jour où le projet de loi fut rendu public. Une autre organisation de la Résistance, les Brigades de la Révolution de 1920, (en référence au combat mené contre l’occupant anglais) est prête à frapper tout membre du gouvernement « fantoche » irakien qui voterait la loi. Elles considèrent que la hâte avec laquelle les Etats-Unis ont poussé à l’adoption de ce texte prouve qu’ils sont conscients que leur occupation est de plus en plus hasardeuse. Les Sadristes ne sont pas en reste « nous voulons le développement de notre pétrole, pas qu’il soit volé. Si une mauvaise loi était passée, le peuple irakien y résisterait ». Les Sadristes craignent d’ailleurs que la loi ne fasse voler en éclats l’ « unité de l’Irak ». L’Association des Oulémas Irakiens a émis une « fatwa » (opinion religieuse) interdisant aux députés de voter en faveur du projet de loi sur le pétrole dans son état actuel. Ce qui ne peut qu’alimenter l’opposition des sunnites fondamentalistes.
Pour Bush, ce texte devait consacrer la « réconciliation nationale » entre Sunnites, Chiites et Kurdes - et la crédibilité du gouvernement Maliki auprès des Etats-Unis - puisque « un accord décisif » avait été atteint sur la répartition des revenus du pétrole en proportion de la population de régions et des provinces. En réalité, la loi ne reflète en rien ce compromis mais laisse à des textes législatifs ultérieurs et séparés, le soin de répartir les revenus pétroliers… dans le cadre des PSA. Or, dès la nationalisation du pétrole, les Irakiens n’eurent nul besoin de textes législatifs pour tirer partie de la de la manne pétrolière à des fins de développement puisque le pétrole était leur sans discrimination ethnico-religieuse. Il est d’ailleurs faux de prétendre que l’Irak a besoin d’investissements étrangers pour moderniser son industrie pétrolière. D’autres options financières et juridiques existent sans recourir aux PSA, comme le montrent les cas de l’Algérie ou de l’Iran avec leurs contrats de Risk Service Contract et Buyback Contract.
Il s’agit, en fait, pour les Etats-Unis de mettre la main militairement et économiquement sur l’Irak. Dans cette perspective, la construction à Bagdad de la plus grande ambassade des Etats-Unis du monde se comprend mieux… ou encore qu’Halliburton a transféré son siège social du Texas à Dubai !!!
(AFI- Flash n°74 - 9/7/07)
Sources :
New Oil Law Means Victory in Iraq for Bush, par Chris Floyd
www.truthout.org/docs_2006/010807A.shtml,
Powers on George Tenet, the CIA, and the Invasion of Iraq
www.tomdispatch.com/index.mhtml?pide=192709
Crude Designs: The Rip-Off of Iraq’s Oil Wealth, par Greg Muttitt
www.globalpolicy.org/security/oil/2005/crudedesigns.htm -
The US Takeover of Iraqi Oil, par Joshua Holland
www.globalpolicy.org/security/oil/2006/1017takeover.htm
Bush’s Petro-Cartel maneuvering over Iraq’s Oil, par Joshua Holland
Sommaire du bulletin des Amitiés franco-irakiennes n°74
« Mission accomplie : nous avons le pétrole ! », par Xavière Jardez – La mort du « capitaine Karim » - Les marines s’entraîneront bientôt dans le Néguev – Des pertes officielles américaines de plus en plus lourdes – ONU : le scandale de la Cocovinu – Revue de presse: Le monde entier est-il antisémite, (Haaretz), Le Fatah al islam au service des occidentaux, (Al Ahram)- Brèves…
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France-Irak - Une Association des Irakiens et leurs amis en France (AIAF) se propose, notamment, de « démentir et combattre les mensonges euro-américano-sionistes utilisés pour justifier son occupation » et de faire traduire en justice les collaborateurs des forces d’occupation. Elle est présidée par Hassan Al Zaïdi, historien et journaliste d’origine irakienne.
Courriel pour infos complémentaires : mailto:aiafrance@yahoo.fr
dimanche 8 juillet 2007
ISRAELIS FIRING TOWARD WOUNDED CAMERAMAN
Cameraman Ghanem had to have both legs amputated- Media advocacy groups condemned the shooting of a cameraman for Hamas TV who lay wounded on the ground when he came under more fire during a clash with Israeli troops.
The incident, captured by TV cameras, took place Thursday during heavy fighting between Hamas militants and Israeli forces in central Gaza. The cameraman, Imad Ghanem, had to have both legs amputated as a result of his injuries.
Israeli army spokeswoman Maj. Avital Leibowitch, has said it was not clear who shot Ghanem, a cameraman for the Hamas-allied Al Aqsa TV, though she did not deny it could have been Israeli troops. There are no plans to investigate, she said.
Leibowitch said the cameraman was a legitimate target because he was with the Hamas gunmen firing at Israeli forces, was separated from other journalists covering the clash, and could have been carrying a weapon.
The shooting was captured on film and broadcast on al-Jazeera satellite television, but the footage did not show who fired at Ghanem. However, Ghanem later said from his hospital bed the shots came from an Israeli tank.
On Friday, the Brussels-based International Federation of Journalists condemned the shooting and called for an investigation.Two other media advocacy groups, the Committee to Protect Journalists and Reporters Without Borders, also have issued protests.
"The Israeli military's repeated attacks on media and journalists during military operations are unacceptable and constitute violations of international humanitarian law," said Reporters Without Borders. The group demanded an investigation into why soldiers continued firing toward Ghanem after he had been injured.
The New York-based Committee to Protect Journalists also called for an investigation."We are horrified by the Israeli forces apparent targeting of cameraman Imad Ghanem," the group's executive director, Joel Simon, said. "He was carrying out legitimate journalistic duties when he was seriously wounded. Deliberate targeting of journalists cannot be justified. We call on the Israeli army to investigate this incident fully and make its findings public."
samedi 7 juillet 2007
One hundred dead and 120 wounded in the Turkmen district of Tuz Khurmato
(they are not Kurdish, contrary to what Prof Juan Cole and other Western journalists pretend)
Suicide Truck Bombing Kills 100, Wounds 120
Market Attacked, Houses Collapse; Gunmen Impede Rescue Effort
The casualties from the explosion that occurred in Tuz Khurmato district on Saturday morning 7th July rose up to 100 dead and 120 wounded, said a medical source while a security source said that scores of gunmen impeded the rescue work in the city that is located 200 km northeast of the Iraqi capital Baghdad.
Market Attacked, Houses Collapse; Gunmen Impede Rescue Effort
The casualties from the explosion that occurred in Tuz Khurmato district on Saturday morning 7th July rose up to 100 dead and 120 wounded, said a medical source while a security source said that scores of gunmen impeded the rescue work in the city that is located 200 km northeast of the Iraqi capital Baghdad.
"The final death toll of the explosion that occurred in an outdoor market at Tuz Khurmato district, this morning, reached 100 dead and 120 wounded," Dr. Hassan Zain al-Abdin, director of Salah al-Din Health Department, told the independent news agency Voices of Iraq (VOI).
Dr. Zain al-Abdin added that most of the wounded were in a critical situation and they were rushed to hospitals in Kirkuk and Tikrit.
Earlier on Saturday, a police source said that a suicide bomber detonated a truck crammed with explosives in the mainly Turkmen market of Amer Li in Tuz Khurmato leaving 25 people dead and over 80 others injured, including women and children.
Medics from the Tuz Khurmato hospital said that it received 20 bodies and 90 wounded people,indicating that critical cases were transferred to the Kirkuk public hospital. Sources from the Iraqi police said that the explosion caused severe damage to nearby shops and houses.
Tuz Khurmato, a mainly Turkmen district within the Sunni province of Salah al-Din, lies 200 km northeast of Baghdad.
KERKUK CITADEL IS NOT A SYMBOL OF KURDISH HISTORY!

Addressed to the journalists who diffuse Kurdish propaganda:
KERKUK IS A TURKMEN CITY it has never been Kurdish!
THE ANCIENT CITADEL "KERKÜK KALASI" IN KERKÜK IS NOT "A SYMBOL OF KURDISH HISTORY" !
The BBC publishes KERKUK PHOTO ALBUM on its website:
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/in_pictures/6643791.stm
The above photograph of Kerkuk castle has the following caption:
“Peshrew says Saddam Hussein's forces used Kirkuk Castle, a symbol of Kurdish history, as a military base from which they controlled the area.”
(Note: Peshrew Shwani is a Kurdish journalist who took the picture)
This is completely false, the Kerkuk Citadel is NOT and has NEVER been 'a symbol of Kurdish history'!
Once more the Kurds are trying to confiscate one of the Turkmens’ historical sites and pretend it belongs to Kurdish history.
I recommend to those who wish to find the truth about KERKUK’s history and about the CITADEL OF KERKUK to read Dr. Suphi Saatçi’s well documented and beautifully illustrated book :
The Urban Fabric and Traditional Houses of KIRKUK
Dr. Suphi Saatçi, is Professor of Architecture
English copy First edition: January 2007 ISBN 975-6849-19-3
200 Pages
Kerkük Vakfi Istanbul 2007
Preface (excerpt)
Throughout history the city has been Turkoman, yet recent political debates have attempted to mask this fact and blur its ethnic and cultural identity. Kerkuk, as such, is a contested and troubled city.It is obvious that such political distortions cannot be successful for long.Likewise, it should not be forgotten that unjust approaches to such problems only bring resentment, and are not sustainable in the long run.
Before attempting to comment on the ethnic and cultural make up of a city, its architectural fabric must be studied. The way local culture and social life are reflected on the city’s architecture, the traditions prevalent in the area and primary sources such as the biographies of master masons, building inscriptions and local architectural terminology, are of utmost importance in this regard.
It is the goal of this book to demonstrate the utility of such sources in gaining insight into a particular locale or city.With the publication of this book in English, I believe the Western world will have the opportunity to get to know Kirkuk closely. While this book, no doubt, should have been published earlier, even this tardy debut will serve a noble purpose.
Suphi Saatçi, Istanbul August 2006
Extract (Page 43) Dr. Suphi Saatçi writes:
‘ The most noteworthy aspect of Kirkuk’s Citadel, the urban fabric of which is lost almost completely, is that it housed the most significant examples of traditional residential architecture in the city. Most of the 800 houses located here were important examples of traditional Turkmen residential architecture (Figure 42) Only forty-five of them survive to this day, particularly as a result of recent assaults. Five or six of them were repaired, but their wooden doors and windows have been plundered since April 19, 2003 when Peshmergas entered the city”
vendredi 6 juillet 2007
Büyükanıt complains of foreign support for terror, warns of boomerang effect
There are crucial barriers standing before inter-national cooperation against terrorism, Chief of General Staff Gen. Yaşar Büyükanıt said on Tuesday, as he indicated that reaching a consensus among nations on the definition of what constitutes terrorist activity would be the first step in tackling terrorism through international cooperation.
The outlawed Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK) -- listed as a terrorist organization by a majority of the international community as well as by Turkey -- and its offshoot Kongra-Gel in northern Iraq, have been nourished by transnational connections in the Middle East and Europe, Büyükanıt said while delivering a keynote speech at the Silk Road-2007 Generals/ Admirals Seminar, which opened Tuesday in Antalya and is hosted by the General Staff.
Noting that the PKK was also benefiting from the chaotic situation in northern Iraq, Büyükanıt added, “While we fight against this terrorist organization and expect international support, we have difficulty in understanding some situations we encounter.”
Only days ago, at a press conference, Büyükanıt made the same complaints saying that that some countries, including Turkey’s allies in NATO, are giving direct or indirect support to the PKK. He said then this was something for the government to tackle. He did not name any countries, but Ankara has criticized the US for failing to crack down on the PKK in Iraq. Turkey has also accused some European countries, including Belgium and Denmark, of providing help to terrorist groups.
If terror is used by a state as a tool for foreign policy, then “terror’s boomerang effect will emerge,” Büyükanıt said Tuesday, soon after his remarks listing state support for terrorism as another crucial barrier in front of the international fight against terrorism.
“Because terror today has become entirely a global threat, no country can maintain peace and security on its soil by ignoring the terrorist threat directed at other countries. That’s why international cooperation against terrorism that is based on a common understanding has a vital impor-tance,” he said, emphasizing that terrorism’s target is not a sole society, culture or civilization, but is the entire humanity and civilization.
“Supporting terrorism or keeping silent in the face of terrorist activities directed at other countries should not be considered as part of national policies. Walls are transparent in the age of globalization so that no relation remains a secret,” Büyükanıt said, in remarks likely to be associated with a claim floated by four ex-PKK members over the weekend.
The four, who handed themselves over to Turkish authorities last weekend after escaping from a PKK camp in northern Iraq, held a press conference on Sunday at a paramilitary base in the southeastern Anatolian province of Şırnak and said they had seen two US armored vehicles deliver weapons to the PKK at their camp.
The US Embassy in Ankara strongly rejected the claim, describing the claim as “ridiculous.”
The claim could not be independently verified, but it is still likely to deepen public suspicions concerning US policy in Iraq.
04.07.2007
News
Today’s Zaman with wires
The outlawed Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK) -- listed as a terrorist organization by a majority of the international community as well as by Turkey -- and its offshoot Kongra-Gel in northern Iraq, have been nourished by transnational connections in the Middle East and Europe, Büyükanıt said while delivering a keynote speech at the Silk Road-2007 Generals/ Admirals Seminar, which opened Tuesday in Antalya and is hosted by the General Staff.
Noting that the PKK was also benefiting from the chaotic situation in northern Iraq, Büyükanıt added, “While we fight against this terrorist organization and expect international support, we have difficulty in understanding some situations we encounter.”
Only days ago, at a press conference, Büyükanıt made the same complaints saying that that some countries, including Turkey’s allies in NATO, are giving direct or indirect support to the PKK. He said then this was something for the government to tackle. He did not name any countries, but Ankara has criticized the US for failing to crack down on the PKK in Iraq. Turkey has also accused some European countries, including Belgium and Denmark, of providing help to terrorist groups.
If terror is used by a state as a tool for foreign policy, then “terror’s boomerang effect will emerge,” Büyükanıt said Tuesday, soon after his remarks listing state support for terrorism as another crucial barrier in front of the international fight against terrorism.
“Because terror today has become entirely a global threat, no country can maintain peace and security on its soil by ignoring the terrorist threat directed at other countries. That’s why international cooperation against terrorism that is based on a common understanding has a vital impor-tance,” he said, emphasizing that terrorism’s target is not a sole society, culture or civilization, but is the entire humanity and civilization.
“Supporting terrorism or keeping silent in the face of terrorist activities directed at other countries should not be considered as part of national policies. Walls are transparent in the age of globalization so that no relation remains a secret,” Büyükanıt said, in remarks likely to be associated with a claim floated by four ex-PKK members over the weekend.
The four, who handed themselves over to Turkish authorities last weekend after escaping from a PKK camp in northern Iraq, held a press conference on Sunday at a paramilitary base in the southeastern Anatolian province of Şırnak and said they had seen two US armored vehicles deliver weapons to the PKK at their camp.
The US Embassy in Ankara strongly rejected the claim, describing the claim as “ridiculous.”
The claim could not be independently verified, but it is still likely to deepen public suspicions concerning US policy in Iraq.
04.07.2007
News
Today’s Zaman with wires
jeudi 5 juillet 2007
Nermeen Al-Mufti writing from Baghdad
More death and political intrigue
The violence and political scheming continue unabated in Iraq, writes Nermeen Al-Mufti from Baghdad
For the past two weeks, President Bush has been talking about a hot summer in Iraq, saying that the violence is likely to keep escalating through August. His sombre predictions may already be taking their toll on the Iraqi government. The Iraqis seem to have reached the conclusion that Nuri Al-Maliki's government, arbitrarily named a government of national unity, works only for the interests of its own parties and the agendas of other countries.
Operation Arrowhead Ripper is wreaking havoc on Diyali, about 80km northeast of Baghdad. The target, according to statements released by the occupation forces, are the bases of the group known as the Islamic State of Iraq. A media blackout remains in force and little is known about what is taking place in the city, especially in the areas of Muallimin, Mafraq, and Gatoun.
Um Omar, a woman who arrived in Baghdad from Diyali with her grandchildren, said they had to walk for over two hours to get to the highway leading to Baghdad and catch a ride. US shelling of residential areas is intense, she added.
According to statements released by the occupation forces, most Al-Qaeda fighters fled Diyali, while others have been killed or detained. A statement issued last Sunday by the Iraqi Islamic Party (ISP) accused the occupation forces of committing a new massacre in Baquba. "The operations led by the US forces in western Baquba led to the death of more than 350 people, most of whom are still under the rubble," the statement noted. The ISP is part of the Sunni Accordance Front (SAF). It claimed that US forces used aircraft to bomb residential areas, destroying more than 150 houses.
About 7,000 US troops and 2,500 Iraqi servicemen are taking part in the fighting in Diyali. Their aim is said to be the elimination of presumed members of Al-Qaeda. The US army, however, admits that nearly 80 per cent of Al-Qaeda leaders have fled the area.
The ISP describes the current offensive as one of "collective punishment of the population". It called on US forces to differentiate between civilians and fighters. It also urged the US forces and the Iraqi government to stop the "massacre" and allow humanitarian aid into the town.
In Baghdad, coalition forces shelled several parts of Sadr City, which is the stronghold of the Mahdi Army of Moqtada Al-Sadr. Some 26 people are believed to be killed in the shelling. The shelling was so ferocious that Prime Minister Al-Maliki severely criticised the US forces and called, for the first time ever, on the Iraqi security forces to stop carrying out orders from the coalition forces unless approved by the government. Interestingly, Al-Maliki had nothing to say about the US operation in Diyali.
A statement from the US and its allies said that 26 gunmen were killed and 17 others arrested in searches targeting pro- Iranian "cells" in Sadr City. According to Iraqi police and medical sources, the victims were all civilians and died in their homes.
US military spokesman Colonel Christopher Garver said the victims were all "terrorists" who had shot at US soldiers. Witnesses from Sadr City said that US troops came into their neighbourhoods just before dawn and fired at homes without warning. Hassan Dakhel, who lives in Sadr City, says a sizeable US force came to the area and started shooting. "What did we do? We didn't return the fire. There was no resistance," he added.
The Iraqi government accused Al-Qaeda of mounting the suicide attack on Al-Mansour Hotel during a meeting of Sunni and Shia clan leaders, including Sheikh Fassal Al-Guood, a key figure of the Anbar Salvation Council. But several Sunni parliamentarians accused the Al-Maliki government of carrying out the attack with explosive charges, claiming that no suicide attack took place.
The government and Sunni officials traded accusations following the issue of an arrest warrant for Asaad Al-Hashimi, former culture minister and member of the Accordance Front, on charges of killing the two sons of parliamentarian Mathal Al-Alusi in 2005. Al-Hashimi denied the charges and the Accordance Front suspended its participation in the cabinet until further notice. Six pro-Sadr ministers resigned from the government some time ago.
Parliamentarian Iyad Al-Samaraai told Al-Ahram Weekly that the Accordance Front ministers would boycott cabinet meetings until an impartial investigation into the accusations against Al-Hashimi began. "Our information indicates that Al-Hashimi's bodyguards were tortured to extract false confessions." Other members of the Accordance Front said Al-Hashimi's case was a smokescreen designed to distract attention from the attack on the Al-Mansour Hotel. They want the government to find out who killed the brothers of the vice-president and the head of the Islamic Party.
Sources close to Al-Maliki explained that the boycott of the cabinet may lead to the formation of a smaller government. The Daawa Party, the Higher Islamic Council in Iraq and the two Kurdish parties have enough supporters in the parliament to form a new cabinet of 19 members. But a public row seems to be brewing between the Iraqi Alliance Block and the Kurdish parties.
Hammam Al-Hammudi, a key figure in the Higher Islamic Council (part of the Iraqi Alliance Block) and chairman of the Constitutional Amendment Committee, stated that the UN mission in Iraq told him that it would be difficult to hold the Kirkuk referendum in November as scheduled. The news came as a blow to the Kurds, who want the referendum to take place on time, in accordance with Article 140 of the constitution. Adnan Al-Mufti, chairman of the northern administration's parliament told the Al-Zaman newspaper that the UN mission had no right to interfere in such matters. If it continues, the row may bring down Al-Maliki's government, which has so far refrained from commenting on the matter.
Saleh Al-Mutalek, leader of the National Dialogue Party, last week warned of Kurdish ambitions. "If you give the Kurds half of Iraq, they will ask for half of the planet," he said.
© Copyright Al-Ahram Weekly. All rights reserved
Al-Ahram Weekly Online : Located at: http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2007/852/re1.htm
The violence and political scheming continue unabated in Iraq, writes Nermeen Al-Mufti from Baghdad
For the past two weeks, President Bush has been talking about a hot summer in Iraq, saying that the violence is likely to keep escalating through August. His sombre predictions may already be taking their toll on the Iraqi government. The Iraqis seem to have reached the conclusion that Nuri Al-Maliki's government, arbitrarily named a government of national unity, works only for the interests of its own parties and the agendas of other countries.
Operation Arrowhead Ripper is wreaking havoc on Diyali, about 80km northeast of Baghdad. The target, according to statements released by the occupation forces, are the bases of the group known as the Islamic State of Iraq. A media blackout remains in force and little is known about what is taking place in the city, especially in the areas of Muallimin, Mafraq, and Gatoun.
Um Omar, a woman who arrived in Baghdad from Diyali with her grandchildren, said they had to walk for over two hours to get to the highway leading to Baghdad and catch a ride. US shelling of residential areas is intense, she added.
According to statements released by the occupation forces, most Al-Qaeda fighters fled Diyali, while others have been killed or detained. A statement issued last Sunday by the Iraqi Islamic Party (ISP) accused the occupation forces of committing a new massacre in Baquba. "The operations led by the US forces in western Baquba led to the death of more than 350 people, most of whom are still under the rubble," the statement noted. The ISP is part of the Sunni Accordance Front (SAF). It claimed that US forces used aircraft to bomb residential areas, destroying more than 150 houses.
About 7,000 US troops and 2,500 Iraqi servicemen are taking part in the fighting in Diyali. Their aim is said to be the elimination of presumed members of Al-Qaeda. The US army, however, admits that nearly 80 per cent of Al-Qaeda leaders have fled the area.
The ISP describes the current offensive as one of "collective punishment of the population". It called on US forces to differentiate between civilians and fighters. It also urged the US forces and the Iraqi government to stop the "massacre" and allow humanitarian aid into the town.
In Baghdad, coalition forces shelled several parts of Sadr City, which is the stronghold of the Mahdi Army of Moqtada Al-Sadr. Some 26 people are believed to be killed in the shelling. The shelling was so ferocious that Prime Minister Al-Maliki severely criticised the US forces and called, for the first time ever, on the Iraqi security forces to stop carrying out orders from the coalition forces unless approved by the government. Interestingly, Al-Maliki had nothing to say about the US operation in Diyali.
A statement from the US and its allies said that 26 gunmen were killed and 17 others arrested in searches targeting pro- Iranian "cells" in Sadr City. According to Iraqi police and medical sources, the victims were all civilians and died in their homes.
US military spokesman Colonel Christopher Garver said the victims were all "terrorists" who had shot at US soldiers. Witnesses from Sadr City said that US troops came into their neighbourhoods just before dawn and fired at homes without warning. Hassan Dakhel, who lives in Sadr City, says a sizeable US force came to the area and started shooting. "What did we do? We didn't return the fire. There was no resistance," he added.
The Iraqi government accused Al-Qaeda of mounting the suicide attack on Al-Mansour Hotel during a meeting of Sunni and Shia clan leaders, including Sheikh Fassal Al-Guood, a key figure of the Anbar Salvation Council. But several Sunni parliamentarians accused the Al-Maliki government of carrying out the attack with explosive charges, claiming that no suicide attack took place.
The government and Sunni officials traded accusations following the issue of an arrest warrant for Asaad Al-Hashimi, former culture minister and member of the Accordance Front, on charges of killing the two sons of parliamentarian Mathal Al-Alusi in 2005. Al-Hashimi denied the charges and the Accordance Front suspended its participation in the cabinet until further notice. Six pro-Sadr ministers resigned from the government some time ago.
Parliamentarian Iyad Al-Samaraai told Al-Ahram Weekly that the Accordance Front ministers would boycott cabinet meetings until an impartial investigation into the accusations against Al-Hashimi began. "Our information indicates that Al-Hashimi's bodyguards were tortured to extract false confessions." Other members of the Accordance Front said Al-Hashimi's case was a smokescreen designed to distract attention from the attack on the Al-Mansour Hotel. They want the government to find out who killed the brothers of the vice-president and the head of the Islamic Party.
Sources close to Al-Maliki explained that the boycott of the cabinet may lead to the formation of a smaller government. The Daawa Party, the Higher Islamic Council in Iraq and the two Kurdish parties have enough supporters in the parliament to form a new cabinet of 19 members. But a public row seems to be brewing between the Iraqi Alliance Block and the Kurdish parties.
Hammam Al-Hammudi, a key figure in the Higher Islamic Council (part of the Iraqi Alliance Block) and chairman of the Constitutional Amendment Committee, stated that the UN mission in Iraq told him that it would be difficult to hold the Kirkuk referendum in November as scheduled. The news came as a blow to the Kurds, who want the referendum to take place on time, in accordance with Article 140 of the constitution. Adnan Al-Mufti, chairman of the northern administration's parliament told the Al-Zaman newspaper that the UN mission had no right to interfere in such matters. If it continues, the row may bring down Al-Maliki's government, which has so far refrained from commenting on the matter.
Saleh Al-Mutalek, leader of the National Dialogue Party, last week warned of Kurdish ambitions. "If you give the Kurds half of Iraq, they will ask for half of the planet," he said.
© Copyright Al-Ahram Weekly. All rights reserved
Al-Ahram Weekly Online : Located at: http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2007/852/re1.htm
mercredi 4 juillet 2007
Tebrik. Bizturkmeniz grubu Denimarka
04-07-2007
Tanış Irak Türkmen Derneği
Avrupa- Türkmen Dostluk Derneği
Iraklı Türkmen İnsan Hakları Savunma Derneği- Belçika
Başta Dr. Hasan Aydınlı ve sn. Yalçın Mutapçı olmak üzere yukarıda adı geçen tümderneklerin yönetim kurulu üyelerini Brüksel’deki Kürtlere karşı bu son yaptıklarımitingden dolayı tebrik ediyor ve böyle çalışmaların yapılmasının devamınıdiliyoruz, tabi ki “Türkmen yolu” sitesinin fazlını unutmamak gerekirken o siteyekatılan arkadaşlara teşekkür etmeyi de bir borç biliyoruz çünkü söz konusu olanmitingin gündeme gelmesi ve yapılmasının icap etmesi adı geçen sitede bir takımarkadaşların verdikleri fikir ve önerilerle oluşmuştur, ancak uygulaması Yalçın ve Dr. Hasan beylerin çabalarıyla fiile dönüp bu başarı elde edilmiştir.
Böyle çalışmalar dayanışma içerisinde olursa muhakkak sonucu yüz güldürür, yeterki biraz çaba gösterilsin, özellikle bugünlerde Türkmen milletinin silkinip çabagöstermeye en çok ihtiyacı olan gündür, onun için böyle mitinglerin anlamlıgünlerde ve belirli yerlerde yapılması gayet önem taşımaktadır neticesi demuhakkak başarıyla sonuçlanmaktadır.
Bu organizeye katılan ve emeği geçen arkadaşları yürekten kutluyoruz ve gelecekteyapılanların başarıyla sonuçlanmasını diliyoruz.
Mehmet Samet
Biz Türkmeniz Grubu
Tanış Irak Türkmen Derneği
Avrupa- Türkmen Dostluk Derneği
Iraklı Türkmen İnsan Hakları Savunma Derneği- Belçika
Başta Dr. Hasan Aydınlı ve sn. Yalçın Mutapçı olmak üzere yukarıda adı geçen tümderneklerin yönetim kurulu üyelerini Brüksel’deki Kürtlere karşı bu son yaptıklarımitingden dolayı tebrik ediyor ve böyle çalışmaların yapılmasının devamınıdiliyoruz, tabi ki “Türkmen yolu” sitesinin fazlını unutmamak gerekirken o siteyekatılan arkadaşlara teşekkür etmeyi de bir borç biliyoruz çünkü söz konusu olanmitingin gündeme gelmesi ve yapılmasının icap etmesi adı geçen sitede bir takımarkadaşların verdikleri fikir ve önerilerle oluşmuştur, ancak uygulaması Yalçın ve Dr. Hasan beylerin çabalarıyla fiile dönüp bu başarı elde edilmiştir.
Böyle çalışmalar dayanışma içerisinde olursa muhakkak sonucu yüz güldürür, yeterki biraz çaba gösterilsin, özellikle bugünlerde Türkmen milletinin silkinip çabagöstermeye en çok ihtiyacı olan gündür, onun için böyle mitinglerin anlamlıgünlerde ve belirli yerlerde yapılması gayet önem taşımaktadır neticesi demuhakkak başarıyla sonuçlanmaktadır.
Bu organizeye katılan ve emeği geçen arkadaşları yürekten kutluyoruz ve gelecekteyapılanların başarıyla sonuçlanmasını diliyoruz.
Mehmet Samet
Biz Türkmeniz Grubu
'K.Irak'ta tutuklulara işkence yapılıyor'

'K.Irak'ta tutuklulara işkence yapılıyor'
İnsan Hakları İzleme Örgütü'nün(HRW) hazırladığı raporda, Kürtlerin denetimindeki kuzey Irak'ta, Kürt güvenlik güçlerinin tutuklulara, aralarında elektrik şoku vermenin de bulunduğu çeşitli yöntemlerle rutin olarak işkence yaptığı ve tutukluların aşırı kalabalık hapishanelerde hiçbir suçlama yöneltilmeden ve kanuni yardım alma hakkı tanınmadan tutuldukları bildirildi.
AA-Merkezi New York'ta bulunan örgüt raporun, 2006 yılında nisan ve ekim ayları arasında, aşırı kalabalık ve temizlik şartlarından yoksun tutuklama merkezlerinde, 150'den fazla tutukluyla yapılan görüşmeler sonucu hazırlandığını duyurdu.
Tutukluların görüşmeler sırasında metal çubuklar ve kablolar ile dövülmek ve kulak memeleri gibi vücudun duyarlı kısımlarına elektrik şoku vermek gibi yöntemlerle kendilerine işkence yapıldığını söylediklerinin kaydedildiği raporda, bazı tutukluların gözleri bağlı ve elleri kelepçeli halde günlerce tutulduklarına dikkat çekildi. Raporda, yüzlerce tutuklunun büyük bir çoğunluğuna hiçbir suçlama yöneltilmediği ve avukat tutma veya bir şekilde itiraz etme hakkının tanınmadığı vurgulandı.
Kürtlerin denetimindeki bölgede yapılan tutuklama uygulamaları hakkında geniş kapsamlı bir iyileştirme yapılmasının talep edildiği raporda, ayrıca kuzey Irak'taki Kürtlerin işkence yaptığı yolundaki iddiaların soruşturulması için uluslararası bir kuruluşun görevlendirilmesi istendi.
http://bizturkmeniz.com/tr/index.htm
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